Photovoltaic technology, also known as solar PV technology, involves the conversion of sunlight into electricity using semiconducting materials such as silicon. Solar panels are commonly used to capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity, which can then be converted into alternating current (AC) electricity for use in homes, businesses, and other applications. Photovoltaic technology has become increasingly popular in recent years as a sustainable and renewable energy source, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Advances in PV technology have resulted in more efficient solar panels, lower costs, and improved performance in various environmental conditions. Research in photovoltaic technology focuses on improving efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of solar panels, as well as developing new materials and technologies to further enhance performance. This research plays a crucial role in advancing the capabilities of solar energy and expanding its use as a clean, renewable energy source for the future.